.. image:: https://github.com/ray-project/ray/raw/master/doc/source/images/ray_header_logo.png

.. image:: https://travis-ci.com/ray-project/ray.svg?branch=master
:target: https://travis-ci.com/ray-project/ray

.. image:: https://readthedocs.org/projects/ray/badge/?version=latest
:target: http://ray.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=latest

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**Ray is a fast and simple framework for building and running distributed applications.**

Ray is packaged with the following libraries for accelerating machine learning workloads:

- `Tune`_: Scalable Hyperparameter Tuning
- `RLlib`_: Scalable Reinforcement Learning
- `RaySGD `__: Distributed Training Wrappers

Install Ray with: ``pip install ray``. For nightly wheels, see the
`Installation page `__.

**NOTE:** `We are deprecating Python 2 support soon.`_

.. _`We are deprecating Python 2 support soon.`: https://github.com/ray-project/ray/issues/6580

Quick Start
-----------

Execute Python functions in parallel.

.. code-block:: python

import ray
ray.init()

@ray.remote
def f(x):
return x * x

futures = [f.remote(i) for i in range(4)]
print(ray.get(futures))

To use Ray's actor model:

.. code-block:: python


import ray
ray.init()

@ray.remote
class Counter(object):
def __init__(self):
self.n = 0

def increment(self):
self.n += 1

def read(self):
return self.n

counters = [Counter.remote() for i in range(4)]
[c.increment.remote() for c in counters]
futures = [c.read.remote() for c in counters]
print(ray.get(futures))


Ray programs can run on a single machine, and can also seamlessly scale to large clusters. To execute the above Ray script in the cloud, just download `this configuration file `__, and run:

``ray submit [CLUSTER.YAML] example.py --start``

Read more about `launching clusters `_.

Tune Quick Start
----------------

.. image:: https://github.com/ray-project/ray/raw/master/doc/source/images/tune-wide.png

`Tune`_ is a library for hyperparameter tuning at any scale.

- Launch a multi-node distributed hyperparameter sweep in less than 10 lines of code.
- Supports any deep learning framework, including PyTorch, TensorFlow, and Keras.
- Visualize results with `TensorBoard `__.
- Choose among scalable SOTA algorithms such as `Population Based Training (PBT)`_, `Vizier's Median Stopping Rule`_, `HyperBand/ASHA`_.
- Tune integrates with many optimization libraries such as `Facebook Ax `_, `HyperOpt `_, and `Bayesian Optimization `_ and enables you to scale them transparently.

To run this example, you will need to install the following:

.. code-block:: bash

$ pip install ray[tune] torch torchvision filelock


This example runs a parallel grid search to train a Convolutional Neural Network using PyTorch.

.. code-block:: python


import torch.optim as optim
from ray import tune
from ray.tune.examples.mnist_pytorch import (
get_data_loaders, ConvNet, train, test)


def train_mnist(config):
train_loader, test_loader = get_data_loaders()
model = ConvNet()
optimizer = optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=config["lr"])
for i in range(10):
train(model, optimizer, train_loader)
acc = test(model, test_loader)
tune.track.log(mean_accuracy=acc)


analysis = tune.run(
train_mnist, config={"lr": tune.grid_search([0.001, 0.01, 0.1])})

print("Best config: ", analysis.get_best_config(metric="mean_accuracy"))

# Get a dataframe for analyzing trial results.
df = analysis.dataframe()

If TensorBoard is installed, automatically visualize all trial results:

.. code-block:: bash

tensorboard --logdir ~/ray_results

.. _`Tune`: https://ray.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tune.html
.. _`Population Based Training (PBT)`: https://ray.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tune-schedulers.html#population-based-training-pbt
.. _`Vizier's Median Stopping Rule`: https://ray.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tune-schedulers.html#median-stopping-rule
.. _`HyperBand/ASHA`: https://ray.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tune-schedulers.html#asynchronous-hyperband

RLlib Quick Start
-----------------

.. image:: https://github.com/ray-project/ray/raw/master/doc/source/images/rllib-wide.jpg

`RLlib`_ is an open-source library for reinforcement learning built on top of Ray that offers both high scalability and a unified API for a variety of applications.

.. code-block:: bash

pip install tensorflow # or tensorflow-gpu
pip install ray[rllib] # also recommended: ray[debug]

.. code-block:: python

import gym
from gym.spaces import Discrete, Box
from ray import tune

class SimpleCorridor(gym.Env):
def __init__(self, config):
self.end_pos = config["corridor_length"]
self.cur_pos = 0
self.action_space = Discrete(2)
self.observation_space = Box(0.0, self.end_pos, shape=(1, ))

def reset(self):
self.cur_pos = 0
return [self.cur_pos]

def step(self, action):
if action == 0 and self.cur_pos > 0:
self.cur_pos -= 1
elif action == 1:
self.cur_pos += 1
done = self.cur_pos >= self.end_pos
return [self.cur_pos], 1 if done else 0, done, {}

tune.run(
"PPO",
config={
"env": SimpleCorridor,
"num_workers": 4,
"env_config": {"corridor_length": 5}})

.. _`RLlib`: https://ray.readthedocs.io/en/latest/rllib.html


More Information
----------------

- `Documentation`_
- `Tutorial`_
- `Blog`_
- `Ray paper`_
- `Ray HotOS paper`_
- `RLlib paper`_
- `Tune paper`_

.. _`Documentation`: http://ray.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html
.. _`Tutorial`: https://github.com/ray-project/tutorial
.. _`Blog`: https://ray-project.github.io/
.. _`Ray paper`: https://arxiv.org/abs/1712.05889
.. _`Ray HotOS paper`: https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.03924
.. _`RLlib paper`: https://arxiv.org/abs/1712.09381
.. _`Tune paper`: https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.05118

Getting Involved
----------------

- `ray-dev@googlegroups.com`_: For discussions about development or any general
questions.
- `StackOverflow`_: For questions about how to use Ray.
- `GitHub Issues`_: For reporting bugs and feature requests.
- `Pull Requests`_: For submitting code contributions.
- `Meetup Group`_: Join our meetup group.
- `Community Slack`_: Join our Slack workspace.
- `Twitter`_: Follow updates on Twitter.

.. _`ray-dev@googlegroups.com`: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/ray-dev
.. _`GitHub Issues`: https://github.com/ray-project/ray/issues
.. _`StackOverflow`: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/ray
.. _`Pull Requests`: https://github.com/ray-project/ray/pulls
.. _`Meetup Group`: https://www.meetup.com/Bay-Area-Ray-Meetup/
.. _`Community Slack`: https://forms.gle/9TSdDYUgxYs8SA9e8
.. _`Twitter`: https://twitter.com/raydistributed